Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social communication, behavior, and sensory processing. In Hong Kong, the prevalence of autism has been rising.

According to the HKSAR Education Bureau, there are around 64 220 students with SEN in public sector ordinary schools in the 2023/2024 school year. Autism is a spectrum, meaning individuals may experience symptoms differently. Early understanding and intervention are crucial to providing appropriate support for individuals and families affected by autism.

Autism symptoms vary but generally include difficulties in social interaction, delayed or impaired communication, repetitive behaviors, and intense focus on specific interests. Early signs include limited eye contact, delayed speech development, or an aversion to changes in routine during early childhood. According to the Education Bureau, children with ASD may also struggle with social inclusion in schools. Awareness of these symptoms is critical for early identification, which can lead to timely intervention. Observing unusual behaviors over time and consulting professionals are key steps in supporting individuals with autism effectively.

Autism diagnosis in Hong Kong involves developmental assessments conducted by pediatricians, psychiatrists or psychologists. Parents are often the first to notice signs, such as speech delays or challenges in interaction, prompting referrals for detailed evaluation. Public services, such as those provided by the Child Assessment Service (CAS) under the Department of Health, offer free diagnostic support, but waiting times can be long. Many families also seek private assessments for faster results. Diagnosis typically includes behavioral observations, parent interviews, and standardized tests to assess communication, behavior, and social skills. Early diagnosis enables access to crucial therapies and educational support.

The golden treatment period for autism is widely recognized as early childhood, particularly before the age of six. During this period, the brain demonstrates high plasticity, making it more responsive to interventions. In Hong Kong, the On-site Pre-school Rehabilitation Services (OPRS) are operated by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and delivered by inter-disciplinary service teams comprising occupational therapists, physiotherapists, speech therapists, clinical/educational psychologists, social workers, and special child care workers. These teams provide on-site rehabilitation training and support services through a school-based and integrated approach for children under six who are attending participating kindergartens (KGs) or KG-cum-child care centers (CCCs) and are assessed as having mild disabilities or suspected special needs. Parents are encouraged to seek early diagnosis and begin therapies such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) or speech therapy to maximize developmental outcomes during this crucial period.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a scientific, evidence-based therapy that improves behaviors, learning, and communication. It focuses on breaking down skills into teachable steps and uses reinforcement to encourage positive behaviors. ABA relies on measurable data, tracking progress through session records and data sheets.

In Hong Kong, ABA is widely used in home, school, and center-based settings. Therapists analyze data trends to decide whether to advance or continue tasks, ensuring individualized support. This structured approach helps individuals with autism build daily living skills, improve social interactions, and achieve independence, making ABA a cornerstone of autism treatment globally and locally.

ABA helps individuals with autism by teaching essential skills, such as communication, social interaction, and adaptive behaviors. In Hong Kong, ABA programs are widely used to support children with autism in various settings, including home, school and the society, encouraging their learning across different settings. For example, ABA interventions can reduce tantrums, encourage eye contact, or teach children to express their needs verbally. Studies have shown that early and consistent ABA therapy can significantly improve developmental outcomes. With growing demand, local organizations and therapists are working to make ABA more accessible, providing a vital resource for families navigating the challenges of autism.

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